Contemporary Problems PSY720

Additional Readings
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password: cp720cp

These are the readings for CP720 2012

• Suggested Week One background readings
  1. *** Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M.I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 215-222. (separation between cognitive and affective divisions of ACC)
  2. *** Mansouri, F.A., Tanaka, K., & Buckley, M.J. (2009). Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Nature Review Neuroscience, 10, 141-152. (this is a nice review)
  3. *** Carter, C.S. & vanVeen, V. (2007). Anterior cingulate cortex and conflict detection: an update of theory and data. Cognitive Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 367-379.
  4. Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D., & Carter, C. S.(2004). Conflict monitoring and anterior cinculate cortex: an update. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 539-546. (conflict monitoring; this might be a good start before reading the 2001 paper, it summarizes the NN models)
  5. Luu, P. & Posner, M.I. (2003). Anterior cingulate cortex regulation of sympathetic activity. Brain,126, 2119-2120. DOI:10.1093/brain/awg257 (editorial, brief, easy to read article, good place to start understanding the debates in the literature)
  6. Botvinick, M.M. (2007). Conflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function. Cognitive Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 356-366. (conflict monitoring; attempts to incorporate 2 opposing models; read this if you want to follow up the Botvinick, Cohen, & Carter 2004 TICS paper)
  7. Posner, M.I. & DiGirolamo, G.J. (1998). Executive attention: Conflict, target detection, and cognitive control. In R. Parasuraman (Ed.), the attentive brain (pp. 401-423). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (highly recommended for background review on early cognitive models, e.g. Norman-Shallice)
• Week Two readings
  1. Rushworth, M.F.S., Behrens, T.E.J., Rudebeck, P.H., Walton, M.E. (2007). Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 168-176. (reinforcement guided decisions, rewards and costs; ACC and OFC)
  2. Critchley, H.D., Tang, J., Glaser, D., Butterworth, B., & Dolan, R.J. (2005). Anterior cingulate activity during error and autonomic response. NeuroImage, 27, 885-895. (automonic arousal model of ACC)
  3. Verguts, T. & Notebaert, W. (2009). Adaptation by binding: a learning account of cognitive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 252-257. (adaptation by binding; locus coeruleus and nor-adrenalin release)
  4. Luu, P., Flaisch, T., & Tucker, D.M. (2000). Medial frontal cortex in action monitoring. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 464-469. (these are the ERN and LRP data reported briefly in the Bush, Luu & Posner 2000 TICS review)
  5. Ridderinkhof, K.R., Ullsperger, M., Crone, E.A., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2004). The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control (Review). Science, 306, 443-447. (performance monitoring in relation to anticipated rewards)
  6. Holroyd & Coles (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the errorrelated negativity. Psychological Review 109, 679-709. (computational model; proposes adaptive critic in basal ganglia; ERN elicited when monitoring system detects that outcomes are worse than expected; phasic changes in activity of midbrain dopamine system code better and worse than expected performance; read this to follow up on Ridderinkhof etal. 2004 Science paper)
  7. Bush, G., Vogt, B.A., Holmes, J., Dale, A.M., Greve, D., Jenike, M.A., & Rosen, B.R. (2002). Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 523-528. (event-related fMRI data; ACC activation for reduced reward trials; evidence to support heterogeneity of populations in ACC; level of activation predicted from proportion of function specific cells in monkey ACC)
  8. * Croxson, P.L., Walton, M.E., O'Reilly, J.X., Behrens, T.E.J., & Rushworth, M.F.S. (2009). Effort-based cost-benefit valuation and the human brain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 4531-4541.
  9. * Behrens, T.E.J., Woolrich, M.W., Walton, M.E., & Rushworth, M.F.S. (2007). Learning the value of information in an uncertain world. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 1214-1221.
  10. Mayr, U., Awh, E., & Laurey, P. (2003). Conflict adaptation effects in the absence of executive control. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 450-452. (in conflict with conflict monitoring model; Eriksen flanker task, conflict adaptation effect disappears when stimulus repetition trials are removed; see also Nieuwenhuis etal 2006, Memory & Cognition, who find the same thing using Eriksen flanker task)
• Week Three readings
  1. Brown, J.W. & Braver, T.S. (2007). Risk prediction and aversion by anterior cingulate cortex. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 266-277. (Error-likelihood hypothesis, building on the idea that the ACC is about aversion.)
  2. Sheth, S.A., Mian, M.K., Patel, S.R., Asaad, W.F., Williams, Z.M., Dougherty, D.D., Bush, G., & Eskandar, E.N. (2012). Human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex neurons mediate ongoing behavioural adaptation. Nature, 488, 218-221. DOI: 10.1038/nature11239. (Supplementary figures and notes from the Sheth et al. Nature paper in case you are interested.)
  3. Holroyd, C.B. & Yeung, N. (2012). Motivation of extended behaviors by anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 122-128. (HRL: hierarchical reinforcement learning; ACC supports selection and maintenance of options, attempt to tie together control issues and motivation issues)
  4. * Fellows, L.K. & Farah, M.J. (2005). Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control? Brain, 128, 788-796. (lesions to ACC do not produce deficits in cognitive control)
  5. Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011). Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 85-93. (emphasizes integration between cognitive and affective divisions of ACC; dACC linked to appraisal and expression; rACC linked to regulation)
  6. Egner, T. & Hirsch, J. (2005). Cognitive control mechanisms resolve conflict through cortical amplification of task-relevant information. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1784-1790. (conflict adaptation, contrast hypotheses of amplifying task-relevant vs inhibiting task-irrelevant)
  7. Nieuwenhuis, S., Schweizer, T.S., Mars, R.B., Botvinick, M.M., & Hajcak, G. (2007). Error-likelihood prediction in the medial fronal cortex: a critical evaluation. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 1570-1581. (argues against error-likelihood (EL) hypothesis because they could not find pMFC activity for cue-signaled EL)
  8. Bartholow, B.D., Pearson, M.A., Dickter, C.L., Sher, K.J., Fabiani, M. & Gratton, G. (2005). Strategic control and medial frontal negativity: Beyond errors and response conflict. Psychophysiology, 42, 33-42. (manipulates compatibility and probability of compatibility; need to take into account strategic adjustments made in preparation for the response; CRN and N2)
  9. Rushworth, M.F.S., Buckley, M.J., Behrens, T.E.J., Walton, M.E., & Bannerman, D.M. (2007). Functional organization of the medial frontal cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17, 220-227. (ACC, errors and response selection)
  10. Frank, M. J., Woroch, B.S., & Curran, T. (2005). Error-related negativity predicts reinforcement learning and conflict biases. Neuron, 47, 495-501. (ACC drives avoidance learning through phasic dips in activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic system)
  11. Luu, P., Tucker, D. M., Derryberry, D., Reed, M., Poulsen, C. (2003). Electrophysiological response to errors and feedback in the process of action regulation. Psychological Science, 14, 47-53. (FRN, conflict monitoring cannot explain all)
  
  more ACC theories and reviews:
  • Brown, J.W. & Braver, T.S. (2005). Learned predictions of error likelihood in the anterior cingulate cortex. Science, 307, 1118-1121. (error-likelihood hypothesis, alternative to conflict monitoring; see update on their theory in Brown & Braver 2007)
  • * * * Rushworth, M.F.S., Walton, M.E., Kennerley, S.W., Bannerman, D.M. (2004). Action sets and decisions in the medial frontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 410-417. (there are MANY components to the function of medial frontal cortices; value of reward and effort to get it; actiona sets and chunking)
  • Rushworth, M.F.S., Mars, R.B. & Summerfield, C. (2009). General mechanisms for making decisions? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 75-83.
  • Burle, B., Allain, S., Vidal, F., Hasbroucq, T.(2005). Sequential Compatibility Effects and Cognitive Control: Does Conflict Really Matter? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(4), 831-837.
  • Oliveira, McDonald, Goodman (2007). Performance monitoring in the anterior cingulate is not all error related: expectancy deviation and the representation of action-outcome associations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 1994-2004.
  • * Hadland, K.A., Rushworth, M.F.S., Gaffan, D., & Passingham, R.E. (2003). The anterior cingulate and reward-guided selection of actions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 89, 1161-1164. (what do these results say about the conflict monitoring hypothesis; macaque ACC lesion data; argues for outcomes of actions rather than associations of stimuli)
  • Nachev, P. (2006). Cognition and medial frontal cortex in health and disease. Current Opinion in Neurology, 19, 587-592. (review of several critical frontal areas; argues against strict conflict monitoring model because it does not survive disruption of ACC function)
  • Jovanovic, T. & Norrholm, S.D. (2011). Neural mechanisms of impaired fear inhibition in posttraumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 5. (review article)
  • Nieuwenhuis, S., Yeung, N., Holroyd, C.B., Schurger, A. & Cohen, J.D. (2004). Sensitivity of electrophysiological activity from medial frontal cortex to utilitarian and performance feedback. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 741-747. (single monitoring system that rapidly evaluates outcomes along good-bad dimension)
  • Posner, M.I., Rothbart, M.K., Sheese, B.E., & Tang, Y. (2007). The anterior cingulate gyrus and the mechanism of self-regulation. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 391-395. (brief review; larger view of self-regulation, development)
  • Egner, T. (2007). Congruency sequence effects and cognitive control. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 380-390.
  • * Many relevant papers in this issue of Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience.
  • Miyake, A., Friedman, N.P., Emerson, M.J., Witzki, A.H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T.D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100. (attempt to define executive function as a unitary model, in search of compelling theory; individual diff on 3 types of tasks: shifting mental sets, updating working memory, inhibition prepotent responses)
  • * Danielmeier, C., Eichele, T., Forstmann, B.U., Tittgemeyer, M., & Ullsperger, M. (2011). Posterior medial frontal cortex activity predicts post-error adaptations in task-related visual and motor areas. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 1780-1789. (paints a different picture that does not include the DLPFC so much; interesting)
  • Crottaz-Herbetter, S. & Menon, V. (2006). Where and when the anterior cingulate cortex modulates attentional response: combined fMRI and ERP evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 766-780. (link between ACC activation and generation of N2b-P3a and interactions between ACC and primary sensory areas)
  
  Automatic control
  • Jacoby, L.L., Lindsay, D.S., & Hessels, S. (2003). Item-specific control of automatic processes: Stroop process dissociations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 638-644.
  • Umbach, V.J., Schwager, S., Frensch, P.A., & Gaschler, R. (2012). Does explicit expectation really affect preparation? Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 378.
  
  Electrophysiology: ERN (error-related negativity, aka Ne), Pe, and FRN (feedback-related negativity)
  • Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1991). Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 447-455. (discover ERN/Ne, part of dopaminergic-dependent system)
  • Gehring, W.J., Coles, M.G.H., Meyer, D.E., & Donchin, E. (1990). The error-related negativity: An event-related potential accompanying errors. Psychophysiology, 27, S34 (Abstract). (discover ERN/Ne; need to find a copy of this, if anyone comes across it please send it to me)
  • Gehring, W.J., Goss, B., Coles, M.G.H., Meyer, D.E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4, 385. (discover ERN/Ne)
  • Falkenstein, Hoormann, Christ, & Hohnsbein (2000). ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: A tutorial. Biological Psychology, 51, 87-107.
  • Gehring, W.J. & Willoughby, A.R. (2002). The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses. Science, 295, 2279-2282.
  • * Brazdil, M., Roman, R., Daniel, P. & Rektor, I. (2005). Intracerebral error-related negativity in a simple Go/NoGo task. Juornal of Psychophysiology, 19, 244-255. DOI 10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.244 (where is the ERN generated? ACC, adjecent FMW, lateral and basal prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal, supramarginal gyrus)
  • Segalowitz, S.J. & Dywan, J. (2008). Individual differences and developmental change in the ERN response: implications for models of ACC function. Psychological Research, DOI 10.1007/s00426-008-0193-z
  • Donkers, F. C. L., Nieuwenhuis, S.,& Van Boxtel, G. J. M. (2005). Mediofrontal negativities in the absense of responding. Cognitive Brain Research, 25, 777-787.
  • Luu, P., & Pederson, S. M. . The anterior cingulate cortex: regulating actions in context. In M. I. Posner (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience of attention. New York: Guilford Publication, Inc. (chapter reviews ACC and electrophysiology data)
  • Steinhauser, M. & Yeung, N. (2010). Decision processes in human performance monitoring. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 15643-15653. (Pe, rather than Ne/ERN is closely related to error detection, reflect accumulated evidence that an error has been committed)
  • Hajcak, G., Moser, J.S., Holroyd, C.B., & Simons, R.F. (2006). The feedback-related negativity reflects the binary evaluation of good versus bad outcomes. Biological Psychology, 71, 148-154. (FRN; I have issues with their interpretation of zero value in Exp 2, this could be interpreted by Ss as negative)
  
  Links to social behaviour
  • Rudebeck, P.H., Buckley, M.J., Walton, M.E., Rushworth, M.F.S. (2006). A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation. Science, 313, 1310-1312.
  • Munro, G.E.S. Dywan, J., Harris, G.T., McKee, S., Unsal, A., & Segalowitz, S.J. (2007). ERN varies with degree of psychopathy in an emotion discrimination task. Biological Psychology, 76, 31-42.
  • * Munro, G.E.S. Dywan, J., Harris, G.T., McKee, S., Unsal, A., & Segalowitz, S.J. (2007). Response inhibition in psychopathy: The frontal N2 and P3. Neuroscience Letters, 418, 149-153.
  • Hammer, A., Rautzenberg, A., Heldmann, M. & Munte, T.F. (2011). Challenging the error-likelihood model with a recognition paradigm: An electrophysiological study. Biological Psychology, 88, 180-187. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.07.010
  
  A few more conflict monitoring hypothesis papers
  • * Van Veen, V. & Carter, C. S. (2002). The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies. Physiology & Behavior, 77, 477-482. (quite useful as a tutorial for ACC activity associated with N2, ERN, fMRI measures)
  • Yeung, N., Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D.. (2004). The Neural Basis of Error Detection: Conflict Monitoring and the Error-Related Negativity. Psychological Review, 111, 931-959.
  • * Kerns, J.G., Cohen, J.D., MacDonald, A.W. III, Cho, R.Y., Stenger, V.A., & Carter, C.S. (2004). Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science, 303, 1023-1026. (correlation ACC and subsequent control)
  • Van Veen, V. & Carter, C. S. (2002). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(4), 593-602.
  • Barch, D.M., Braver, T.S., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T., Ollinger, J., & Snyder, A. (2001). Anterior cingulate cortex and response conflict: effects of response modality and processing domain. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 837-848. (fMRI vocal/manual responses and spatial/verbal processing conflict activate same areas of ACC; claiming functionally homogeneous ACC regions)
  • Botvinick, M.M., Braver, T.S., Barch, D.M., Carter, C.S., Cohen, J.D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108, 624-652. (includes review, model, and several NN model simulations)
  • Carter, C.S., Braver, T.S., Barch, D.M., Botvinick, M.M., Noll, D., & Cohen, J.D. (1998). Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance, Science, 280, 747-749.
  
  Anatomy and circuitry, and a few older ACC theories:
  • MacLean, P. D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions. New York: Plenum.
  • Devinsky, O., Morrell, M.J., & Vogt, B.A. (1995). Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain, 118, 279-306.
  • Allman, J.M., Hakeen, A., Erwin, J.M., Nimchinsky, E., & Hop, P. (2001). The Anterior Cingulate Cortex: The evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 935, 107-117.
  • Smith, E.E. et al. (1998). Components of verbal working memory: evidence from neuroimaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 95, 876-882.
  • Raichle, M.E. et al. (1994). Practice-related changes in human brain functional anatomy during nonmotor learning. Cerebral Cortex, 4, 8-26.
  • Mesulam, M. M. (1981). A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Annals of Neurology, 10, 309-325.
  • Papez, J. W. (1937). A proposed mechanism of emotion. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 38, 725-743.
  
  Interesting stuff about Von Economo neurons in ACC (found only in humans, apes, whales, elephants):
  • Hof, P.R., Van Der Gucht, E. (2006). Structure of the cerebral cortex of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae). The Anatomical Record, 290, 1-31.
  • Hakeen, A.Y., Sherwood, C.C., Bonar, C.J., Butti, C., Hof, P.R., & Allman, J.M. (2009). Von Economo neurons in the elephant brain. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 292, 242-248.
  • Seeley, Allman, Carlin, Crawford, Macedo, Greicius, Dearmond, Miller (2007). Divergent social functioning in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease: reciprocal networks and neuronal evolution. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 21, S50-7. (Degeneration of these cells in both cortices have been correlated with loss of emotional self-awareness and self-conscious behaviours in fronto-temporal dementia)
  
  PCC: Posterior Cingulate Cortex and DMN: Default Mode Network
  • Sandrone, S. (2012). The brain as a crystal ball: the predictive potential of Default Mode Network. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6:261. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00261 (Opinion article, has a useful reference section)
  • Let's fill out this section; PCC is very interesting!